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The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are official data on crime in the United States, published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). UCR is "a nationwide, cooperative statistical effort of nearly 18,000 city, university and college, county, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement agencies voluntarily reporting data on crimes brought to their attention." Crime statistics are compiled from UCR data and published annually by the FBI in the ''Crime in the United States'' series. The FBI does not collect the data itself. Rather, law enforcement agencies across the United States provide the data to the FBI, which then compiles the Reports. The Uniform Crime Reports program began in 1930, and since then has become an important source of crime information for law enforcement, policymakers, scholars, and the media. The UCR Program consists of four parts: * Traditional Summary Reporting System (SRS) and the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) – Offense and arrest data * Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA) Program * Hate Crime Statistics Program – hate crimes * Cargo Theft Reporting Program – cargo theft The FBI publishes annual data from these collections in ''Crime in the United States'', ''Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted'', and ''Hate Crime Statistics''. ==History== The UCR Program was based upon work by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and the Social Science Research Council (SSRC)〔Lawrence Rosen, The Creation of the Uniform Crime Report, Social Science History 19:2 (Summer 1995):215–238.〕 throughout the 1920s to create a uniform national set of crime statistics, reliable for analysis. In 1927, the IACP created the Committee on Uniform Crime Reporting to determine statistics for national comparisons. The committee determined seven crimes fundamental to comparing crime rates: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, burglary, aggravated assault, larceny and motor vehicle theft (the eighth, arson, was added under a congressional directive in 1979). The early program was managed by the IACP, prior to FBI involvement, done through a monthly report. The first report in January 1930 reported data from 400 cities throughout 43 states, covering more than 20 million individuals, approximately twenty percent of the total U.S. population.〔(Crime in the United States 2000 ). (PDF). Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, D.C.. Retrieved on 30 March 2008. (Archived ) on 14 April 2010.〕 On June 11, 1930, through IACP lobbying, the United States Congress passed legislation enacting 28 U.S.C. § 534, which granted the office of the Attorney General the ability to "acquire, collect, classify, and preserve identification, criminal identification, crime, and other records" with the ability appoint officials to oversee this duty, including the subordinate members of the Bureau of Investigation. The Attorney General, in turn, designated the FBI to serve as the national clearinghouse for the data collected, and the FBI assumed responsibility for managing the UCR Program in September 1930. The July 1930 issue of the IACP crime report announced the FBI’s takeover of the program. While the IACP discontinued oversight of the program, they continued to advise the FBI to better the UCR. Since 1935, the FBI served as a data clearinghouse; organizing, collecting, and disseminating information voluntarily submitted by local, state, federal and tribal law enforcement agencies. The UCR remained the primary tool for collection and analysis of data for the next half century. Throughout the 1980s, a series of National UCR Conferences were with members from the IACP, Department of Justice, including the FBI, and newly formed Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). The purpose was to determine necessary system revisions and then implement them. The result of these conferences was the release of a ''Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program'' release in May 1985, detailing the necessary revisions. The report proposed splitting reported data into two separate categories, the eight serious crimes (which later became known as "Part I index crimes") and 21 less commonly reported crimes (which later became known as "Part II index crimes"). In 2003, FBI UCR data were compiled from more than 16,000 agencies, representing 93 percent of the population〔(Frequently Asked Questions ). Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, D.C.. ''Uniform Crime Reports''. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.〕 in 46 states and the District of Columbia.〔(UCR and NIBRS Participation ). U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Washington, D.C. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.〕 While nationally reporting is not mandated, many states have instituted laws requiring law enforcement within those states to provide UCR data. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uniform Crime Reports」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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